Family Law – I (Muslim Law)
Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya · LL.B. Semester 2 · LAW-CC-214
Unit I — CONCEPTION, ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MUSLIMLAW
History and Development of Muslim Law · Who is a Muslim? · Origin of Muslim Law · Traditions - Sunnah' and 'Ahadis' · 'Shariat" – Meaning of · Religious injunctions · Fiqh · Difference between Shariat and Fiqh · 2. SOURCES OF MUSLIM LAW · Primary sources · The Quran · Quran as a source of law · Legislative Functions of the Quran · The Sunnat and Ahadis (Traditions) · Kinds of Traditions · The Ijma (consensus of opinion) · Importance of Ijma · Essential Ingredients of a valid Ijma · Repeal of Ijma · Kinds of Ijma · Ijma of the Companions of the Prophet · Ijma of Jurists · Ijma of the People · The Qiyas (Analogical deductions) · Legal Authority of Qiyas as a Source of Islamic Law · Qiyas in the Light of Holy Quran · Qiyas in the Light of Hadith · Conditions for the validity of Qiyas · Secondary Sources · Urf or Custom · Judicial decisions · Legislation · Justice, equity and good conscience · Istihsan - Its Meaning · Sources of law according to Shias · 3. SCHOOLS OF MUSLIM LAW · The Sunni Sub-Schools · Hanafi school · Maliki school · Shafii school · Hanbali school · The Shia Sub-Schools · Motazilas · Points of difference between the Sunni and Shia Schools
Unit II — MARRIAGE(NIKAH)
Definition of marriage (Nikah) · Objects of marriage · Nature of Muslim Marriage · Essentials or formal requirements of marriage · Proposal and acceptance · Competent parties · No legal disability · Duration of Iddat · Valid Retirement · Prohibitative incapacity · Kinds of marriages according to validity · Consequences of a void, irregular and valid marriage · Distinction between void, irregular and valid marriages · Enforcement of lawful conditions of marriage · Presumption of marriage · Remedies available to husband and wife · Restitution of conjugal rights · Payment of dower money · Muta Marriage - Meaning and nature · Polygamy in Islam · Registration · Difference between Shia and Sunni Law of marriage · 2. DOWER(MAHR) · Origin · Definition · Nature of Dower · Importance of dower · Legislature's right to make a legislation in respect of reasonable dower · The object of Dower · Increase or decrease of Dower · Classification of dower · Specified Dower (Mahr-i-Musamma) · Prompt Dower · Deferred Dower · Customary (Proper) Dower (Mahri-i-Misl) · Wife's rights and remedies on non-payment of Dower · Difference between Sunni and Shia Laws relating to Dower · Effect of Apostacy on Dower · Suits for dower and Limitation · Kharcha-i-pandan · 3. DIVORCE(TALAQ) · Introduction · Difference between Talaq and Divorce · Classification of Divorce · Talaq (Repudiation) -Meaning · Different modes of Talaq · Talaq-ul-Sunnat · Talaq-ul-Biddat · Triple Divorce : its legality · Ila · Talaq-ul-tafweez · Khula (Redemption) · Mubarat (Mutual Release) · Lian (False charge of adultery) · Judicial Divorce (Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act,1939) · Effect of apostasy on Marriage · Legal consequence of Divorce · Distinction between Sunni and Shia Law of Talaq
Unit III — PARENTAGE, LEGITIMACY ANDACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Parentage - Maternity and paternity · Maternity, how established · Paternity, how established · Legitimacy · Special rules regarding presumption of legitimacy · Legitimacy when conclusively presumed · Legitimacy presumed from presumptive marriage · Legitimacy and legitimation · Acknowledgment · Necessity of acknowledgment of legitimacy · Basic principles of the doctrine · Conditions of a valid acknowledgment · Rule of legitimation by acknowledgment · Effects of acknowledgment. · 2. GUARDIANSHIP(HIZANAT) · Definition of guardian · Meaning of Guardianship · Appointment of Guardian · Kinds of guardianship · Guardianship in marriage (Jabar) · Guardian of the person of the minor for custody (Hizanat) · Guardianship of Minor's Property · Legal Guardian · Guardian appointed by the court · De facto Guardian · Removal of guardian · Cessation of the authority of guardianship · Comparison of Sunni and Shia Laws relating to Guardianship · 3. MAINTENANCE(NAFAQA) · Introduction · Kharcha-i-pandan · Definition of maintenance · Liability of maintenance · Principle of maintenance · Persons entitled to maintenance · Duration of maintenance · Scale of maintenance · Arrears of maintenance · Effect of Apostasy of maintenance · Distribution of the liability · Difference between Sunni and Shia Laws regarding maintenance
Unit IV — Gift(Hiba)
Definition of Gift · Requisites of gift · Parties to a gift · Subject of a gift · Formalities and modes of Gift · Acceptance of gift · Delivery of possession · Different subjects delivery how effected, movable property · Void Gifts · Oral gifts, writing and Registration · Doctrine of Mushaa · Kinds of Mushaa · Revocation of gift · Kinds of gift · Distinction between 'Hiba-bil-Iwaz' and 'Hiba-bil Shartul-Iwaz' · Sadaqah · Ariyul · 2. WILL(WASIYAT) · Nature, object and meaning of will · Origin of the law of will · No formality required · Requisites of a valid will · Testator and his competence · Legatee and his competence · Subject of will and its validity · Testamentary power and its limits · Limitation as regards the person · Limitation as regards the property · Doctrine of Consent · Revocation of will · Difference between Shia and Sunni Law · 3. WAQF(TRUST) · Introduction · Definition · Essential of Waqf · Doctrine of Cypres · Legal incidents of waqf · Doctrine of Mushaa · Waqf how created · Kinds of Waqf · Private Waqf or family endowments (Waqf-alal-aulad) · Salient features of the Waqf Act of1913 · Alteration in beneficiaries · Contingent Waqf · Public and quasi-public Waqfs · Revocation of Waqf · Mutawalli · Who can be appointed as Mutawalli ? · Who can appoint a Mutawalli? · Powers and duties of Mutawalli · Removal ofMutawali · Management of Waqf property
Unit V — DEATH-BED TRANSACTIONS(MARZ-UL-MAUT)
What is death-illness-Literal meaning · Test of death-illness · Essentials of death-bed gift · Death-bed acknowledgment of debt · Death-bed waqf · Dower contracted during death-illness · Marriage contracted on death-bed · Comparison of Shia and Sunni Law · Repudiation of marriage by the sick · 2. SUCCESSION ANDADMINISTRATION · Introductory · Application of the property of a deceased Mohammedan · Representatives of a deceased Muslim · Legal position of heirs as representatives · Devolution of inheritance · Distribution of estate · Alienation · Dealing with creditors and debtors of the deceased · Executors and Administrators under the general Law · Executor · Administrator · Difference between 'Executor' and' Administrator' · Power and duties of Executors and Administrators