Cyber Law and Emerging Technologies

Unit I — Foundations of Cyber Law and Digital Governance

Nature, scope, and evolution of cyberspace and cyber law · genesis, objectives, and important definitions under the Information Technology Act, 2000 · legal recognition of electronic records, e-contracts, e-governance, and digital documentation · digital signatures, electronic signatures, and authentication mechanisms · e-commerce and legal validity of digital transactions · overview of cybersecurity, National Cybersecurity Policy, CERT-In, and cyber risk management.

• Understanding a Statute and Statutory Analysis: Information Technology Act, 2000
• Introduction to Cyber Crimes

Unit II — Cyber Offences, Enforcement, and Digital Evidence

Cyber offences under the IT Act including hacking, identity theft, cyber terrorism, cyber defamation, and child pornography · penalties, compensation, adjudication, and investigative powers under the IT Act · intermediary liability and safe harbour doctrine · admissibility of electronic evidence under the Indian Evidence framework · e-discovery, metadata, forensic tools, blockchain applications, and chain of custody · cross-border investigations, MLATs, and judicial developments.

• Introduction to Cyber Crimes
• Proof of electronic evidences

Unit III — Data Protection, Big Data, and Digital Governance

Concepts and applications of big data and data analytics · algorithmic decision-making, profiling, and predictive analytics · principles of data protection including consent, minimization, purpose limitation, portability, and right to be forgotten · Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 and its regulatory framework · role and responsibilities of data fiduciaries and processors · data breaches, reporting obligations, surveillance safeguards, and accountability mechanisms.

Unit IV — Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Emerging Technologies

Meaning, types, and applications of AI and robotics · AI in governance, criminal justice, healthcare, and judicial systems · legal and ethical concerns including bias, transparency, explainability, accountability, and discrimination · liability and legal personhood of AI systems and robots · comparative global approaches including the EU AI Act, OECD principles, and NITI Aayog strategy · regulation of autonomous systems and emerging technologies in India.

• Artificial Intelligence and future of legal profession

Unit V — Bioethics, Biotechnology, and Technology Regulation

Meaning and evolution of bioethics in the digital age · legal and ethical concerns in gene editing, cloning, neuro-enhancement, and health technologies · AI in healthcare, electronic health records, informed consent, and neuro-rights · international ethical frameworks including UNESCO Declaration and WHO guidelines · Indian legal and policy responses to biotechnology and biomedical innovation · contemporary challenges in regulating disruptive technologies.