Trade in Intellectual Property

Unit I — Foundation of International IP Protection

Meaning, Nature, Scope and Classification of Intellectual Property · Economic and Developmental Role of IP in International Trade · Pre-TRIPS Multilateral Treaties for Protection of IP: · Paris Convention (1883) – Industrial Property · Berne Convention (1886) – Copyright · Rome Convention (1961) – Related Rights · Madrid and Hague Agreements – Trademarks & Designs · Limitation of Pre-TRIPS System: Fragmentation and Enforcement Gaps · Role of WIPO in Global in Harmonizing IP Standard · GATT and Uruguay Round Negotiation: Linking to IP to Trade · Emergence of WTO and needs for TRIPS

• Concept and meaning of Intellectual Property
• Basic International Conventions and International Institutions relating to Intellectual Property
• Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, 1883
• The Berne Convention, 1886
• WIPO

Unit II — TRIPS Agreement under WTO

TRIPS in Marrakesh Agreement: Legal status within WTO · Objectives, Structure, and Scope of TRIPS · Minimum Standards of Protection: Copyright and Related Rights, Patents, Trademarks, GIs, Designs · Principles: MFN, National Treatment, Balance of Rights and Obligations · Interface with Competition Law · Flexibilities under TRIPS: Compulsory licensing, Bolar exception, Parallel imports · Doha Declaration (2001): Public Health and Access to Medicines

• Trips Agreement, 1994
• GATT and WTO

Unit III — Dispute Resolution Under the TRIPS Framework

Overview of WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU): Structure and procedure · Application of DSU to TRIPS-related disputes: IP as a trade-related right · Composition and role of WTO Panels and the Appellate Body · Implementation, compliance, and retaliation mechanisms under DSU · Major TRIPS-related WTO cases: · India – Patent Protection for Pharmaceuticals · US – Section 110(5) Copyright · Australia – Plain Packaging · China – Measures Affecting the Protection and Enforcement of IP Rights · Enforcement mechanisms under TRIPS: Civil, Criminal, Border Measures

Unit IV — India and TRIPS: Compliance, Challenges and Contribution

India’s role during TRIPS negotiations: South-South coalition · Major legislative changes for TRIPS Compliance: · Patents Act, 1970 (Amendments of 1999, 2002, 2005) · Trade Marks Act, 1999 · Copyright Act, 1957 (Amendment 2012) · GI of Goods Act, 1999 · Sui Generis Legislation on Plant Verities and Farmers Right Act 2001 · Section 3(d) and patentability standards · India’s use of TRIPS flexibilities: · Natco v. Bayer (Compulsory Licensing) · Novartis Case (Section 3(d)) · Roche v. Cipla · National IPR Policy (2016) and Indian model of balancing innovation and access · India's leadership in biodiversity, TK protection, and access to medicine debates

Unit V — Emerging Issues in Intellectual Property

IP and Right to Health: Affordable medicines · IP and Right to Education: Access to knowledge · IP Rights and TK: Misappropriation of traditional knowledge and biopiracy · IP and Artificial Intelligence: AI-Generated Work and Ownership · IP in Digital Era: Platform liability and cross-border enforcement