Criminal Justice System (Hons.)
Hidayatullah National Law University · LL.B. Semester 10 · LLB-H-1002
Unit I — INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
Overview of the Criminal Justice System Historical Evolution of Criminal Justice System in different parts of the world. · Understanding Different Ages: Primitive Age, Medieval Age and Modern Age · Roman Law · English Law · Evolution and Development in Ancient, Medieval and Modern India · Comparative Models of Criminal Justice Systems · Adversarial System: Judiciary, Police and Prosecution · Inquisitorial System: Judiciary, Police and Prosecution · Principles of Criminal Justice · Presumption of Innocence · Proportionality of Punishment · Standard of Proof · Reverse Burden of Proof. · Beyond reasonable doubt
Unit II — IMPORTANT PILLERS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM AND RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED AND VICTIMS
Key Players in the Criminal Justice System · Law Enforcement: Powers and Responsibilities of Police · Prosecutors: Functions, Appointments, Discretion, and Responsibilities · Defense Counsel: Protecting the Rights of the Accused · Judges and Courts: Appointments, Judicial Role and Independence · Rights of the Accused and Victims · Rights of the Accused: Procudural Fairness during investigation, inquiry and Trial. · Victim Rights: Compensation and rehabilitation. · Juvenile Justice and Special Considerations for Minors · Child for care and Protection · Child in conflict with law · The role and objectives of establishment of CWC and JJB. · Child Victims and Juvenile offenders under POCSO (Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act).
Unit III — PRISONS, CORRECTIONAL HOMES AND LEGAL AID
Classification of Correctional Institutions · Prisons: Central, District, Sub-Jail and open jail. · Borstal Institutions, Special Homes, observation homes, shelter Homes. · Distinction between institutional and non-institutional corrections. · Prison administration, Rights of Prisons & Rehabilitation · Prisons Administration and Management. · Rights and legal Protections of Prisoners. · Welfare, reformation and Rehabilitation Programmes. · Legal Aid, Access to Justice and Institutional Support for prisons. · Constitutional Mandate and Statutory Framework · Access to Justice and implementation of prisoners’ rights in prison. · Institutional and Community support Mechanism
Unit IV — FORENSIC SCIENCE AND AI’s ROLE IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
Forensic Science and Its Role in Criminal Justice · Nature and Scope of Forensic Science · Forensic Evidence: Collection, Preservation and Chain of Custody · Judicial Evaluation of Forensic Evidence · Scientific Techniques and Their Legal Relevance · Forensic Tools and Techniques in Criminal Investigations · DNA Profiling and Fingerprint Analysis · Ballistics and Crime Scene Reconstruction · Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime · Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies in Criminal Justice · Introduction · AI and Evidence Analysis · Predictive Policing
Unit V — CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICS SYSTEM IN INDIA
Office of Public Prosecutor: Issues and Challenges · Indian Model of Prosecution · UK and US Model of Prosecution · DPP under BNSS: Critical Evaluation · Pendency of Cases in Lower and Higher Judiciary. · Role of Plea Bargaining: Critical Evaluation · Lok Adalat’s in India · Pre- Trial Conciliation and Mediation · Role of DLSA and SLSA · Place of Victims and Witnesses under Criminal Justice System · Victims of Crime: Definition, importance and protection · Compensatory Jurisprudence in India · Constitutional and Legal Protection: Critical Evaluation · Witness protection scheme.