Constitutional Law-II

Unit 1 — Secularism

concept · Indian constitutional provisions · freedom of religion · religion and the State · minority rights · minority educational institutions

• Article 25-28 — Right to Religion
• Article 29 and 30 — Rights of Minorities

Unit 2 — Equality and social justice

equality before law and equal protection · classification · gender justice · justice to weaker sections: SC, ST and OBC · freedom and social controls: speech and expression, media and press, assembly, association, movement, residence, profession · property

• Article 14-18 — Right to Equality
• Article 19 — Six Fundamental Freedoms and Reasonable Restrictions

Unit 3 — Personal liberty

rights of an accused: double jeopardy, self-incrimination, retrospective punishment · right to life and personal liberty · preventive detention

• Fundamental Rights under Articles 20 and 22
• Article 21 and 21A — Right to Life and Personal Liberty & Right to Education

Unit 4 — Fundamental rights and directive principles

directive principles · inter-relationship and judicial balancing · reading directive principles into fundamental rights

• 1. — Directive Principles of State Policy
• Origin, Purpose and Significance of Fundamental Rights

Unit 5 — Fundamental duties

need and status · inter-relationship with fundamental rights and directive principles

• 1. — Directive Principles of State Policy

Unit 6 — Emergency

meaning and scope · proclamation and effects on Centre-State relations · suspension of fundamental rights

• Emergency (Part XVIII) Types of Emergencies Grounds for proclamation Consequences of Proclamation

Unit 7 — Judiciary under the Constitution

judicial process · court system · judges: appointment, removal, transfer · judicial independence · judicial review

• Judicial Activism
• Independence of Judiciary
• Judicial accountability
• National Judicial Appointments Commission
• Court System under the Constitution of India: Supreme Court, High Court, Subordinate Courts &Writ Jurisdiction
• Rule of Law, Independence of Judiciary & Separation of Powers: Before independence andafter independence

Unit 8 — Article 12: the State

is judiciary the State · other and local authorities

Unit 9 — Article 13

doctrine of eclipse · doctrine of severability

Unit 10 — Judicial remedies

constitutional, statutory, equitable and common law remedies

• Article 32- Right to Constitutional Remedies and Public Interest Litigation

Unit 11 — Liability of the State

contractual liability · tortious liability

• Liability of Government for wrongs Tortious liability Sovereign and non-sovereign functions Contractual Liability