Public International Law

Savitribai Phule Pune University · LL.B. Semester 5 · LCC 0902

Unit 1 — Preliminary

1. Definition of International Law - Brierly, J.G. Starke and Oppenheim · 2. Historical Development & codification of International Law · 3. Subjects of international law – State & it’s various types, individuals, international organizations and non state entities like MNCs and freedom movements · 4. Nature of International law – Austin’s view, Holland’s view and it’s criticism · 5. Theoretical Basis of International Law: Natural law theory, theory of positivism, Grotius theory, Consent theory, auto limitation theory and Principle of Pacta Sunt Servanda · 6. Sources of International Law · (a) As given in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice · (b) Modern Sources of International Law - General Assembly Resolutions, Security Council Resolutions and Jus Cogens · 7. Formation, termination and suspension of treaty · 8. Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law · (a) Theories: Monism, dualism, transformation, specific adoption and delegation theory · (b) State practices of USA, UK, China, Russia and India

Unit 2 — Recognition of States

1. Meaning and Significance of recognition · 2. Theories of Recognition– Constitutive & Declaratory/Evidentiary theory · 3. Types of recognition – De facto & De Jure, Express & Implied, Conditional and Collective · 4. Recognition of Insurgency & Belligerency · 5. Recognition of Government · 6. Doctrines of Recognition · a) Stimson Doctrine · b) Estrada Doctrine · c) Tobar Doctrine · 7. Is there a legal duty to recognize? · 8. Legal effects of recognition · 9. Retroactivity of recognition

Unit 3 — State Responsibility

1. Meaning · 2. Kinds of State Responsibility – Original and vicarious · 3. Theories of State Responsibility- Damage theory, fault theory, absolute liability theory, imputation/attribution theory · 4. State responsibility in different fields – international delinquency, injury to aliens, acts of private individuals, acts of mob violence, in respect of injuries suffered by persons serving the UN, for acts of insurgents, for breach of treaty or contractual obligations, for acts of multinational corporations and Transboundary pollution · 5. Defences against State responsibility – consent, self defence, countermeasures, force majeure, distress and state of necessity · 6. Forms of reparation for injury – Restitution, compensation, satisfaction · 7. Calvo clause

Unit 4 — State Succession

1. Definition · 2. Kinds of State Succession – Universal & Partial · 3. Theories of State Succession – Universal succession theory, popular continuity theory, organic substitution theory, Self abnegation theory, negative theory, communist theory, Nyerere doctrine · 4. Effects of State Succession: Political rights & duties, local rights & duties, treaties, public debts, private and public property, state archives, contracts, concessionary contracts, laws, unliquidated damages for torts and membership of UNO

Unit 5 — State Jurisdiction

1. Meaning · 2. Types of Jurisdiction – Territorial, personal, universal, protective · 3. Bases of Jurisdiction -Territoriality principle, nationality principle, protective principle, universality Principle, active & passive personality principle · 4. Exemptions from Jurisdiction – Diplomatic agents, foreign embassies, foreign sovereigns, foreign state property, UN representatives, Foreign State Property, Foreign merchant vessel Exercising the right of innocent passage and foreign army · 5. Extradition – Meaning, Principles governing extradition and cases on extradition · 6. Asylum – Meaning, territorial and extraterritorial asylum

Unit 6 — Law of Diplomatic Immunity and Consular Relations

1. State Immunity - Absolute theory and Restrictive Theory of Immunity, and Waiver of Immunity · 2. Significance and Functions of Diplomatic Agents and Classification of Diplomatic Agents · 3. Immunities and Privileges of Diplomatic Agents -Inviolability of Diplomatic Agents · 4. Inviolability of Premises - Immunity from local, Civil, Administrative and Criminal Jurisdiction, Immunity from Taxes and Custom Duties, Freedom of Movement, Travel, Communication and Worship · 5. Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 and Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963

Unit 7 — Settlement of Disputes

1. Meaning of dispute · 2. Means of settlement of international dispute · 1) Coercive means of settlement of international dispute Retorsion, Reprisal, Embargo, Pacific Blockade and Intervention · 2) Peaceful means of settlement of international dispute Negotiations, Good offices, Mediation, Conciliation, Arbitration, Judicial Settlement and Inquiry

Unit 8 — United Nations Organization

1. Principles and Purposes of UNO · 2. Principal organs of UNO (a) General Assembly (b) Security Council (c) Economic & Social Council (d)Trusteeship Council (e) International Court of Justice (f) Secretariat · 3. Assessment of performance of UNO A. Essential Readings: · 1. I. Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law, 8th ed., Oxford University Press · (2012). · 2. I.A. Shearer, Starke’s International Law, 11th South Asian ed., Butterworths (2011). · 3. D.J. Harris, Cases and Materials on International Law, Sweet & Maxwell Ltd., 7th ed., · (2010). · 4. Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law, 9th ed., (2021). · 5. S.K. Verma, An introduction to Public International Law, 3rd Edition, Satyam Law International (2019) · 6. Gurdip Singh, International Law, 4th Edition, Eastern Book Company, (2024).