Criminology and Penology

Unit 1 — Crime & Criminology [6 units]

a) Definition, meaning and significance of crime, · b) Origin and development of criminal law in India. · c) Distinction between crime & non crime. · d) Definition, nature and Scope of Criminology.

• Nature and scope — Crime and Criminology

Unit 2 — Schools of Criminology [12 units]

a) Pre-Classical School. · b) The Classical School. · c) Neo-Classical School. · d) Positive School. · e) Psychiatric School. · f) Socialist School. · g) Clinical School.

• The Schools of Criminology Pre-classical School of Criminology The Classical School Neo-classical school Positive School Cartographic School Clinical School of Criminology Sociological School of Criminology Socialist School of Criminology

Unit 3 — Causes of Crime [10 units]

a) Biological Causes. · b) Sociological Causes. · c) Economical Causes. · d) Environmental Causes. · e) Political Causes.

• Causes of Criminal Behaviors Heredity and Crime Bio-physical factors and criminality

Unit 4 — White Collar Crime [10 units]

a) Origin, definition, meaning & nature of White-Collar Crime. · b) Causes of White-collar crimes. · c) Classification of White-collar crime. · d) White collar crime in different profession in India. · e) Remedies for eradication of White-collar Crime.

Unit 5 — Theories of Punishment [10 units]

a) Concept & Definition of Punishment. · b) Theories of Punishment: i) Deterrent theory. ii) Retributive Theory. iii) Preventive Theory. iv) Expiatory Theory. v) Reformative Theory.

• Meaning of penology
• Theories of punishment
• Theories and Kinds of Punishment

Unit 6 — Capital Punishment [10 units]

a) Definition, nature & Scope of Capital Punishment. · b) Ancient & Modern modes of execution of Capital Punishment. · c) Retention & Abolition of Capital Punishment. · d) Constitutional validity of capital Punishment with Landmark Case Laws.

• Kinds of punishment 3.5Capital punishment
• Capital Punishment

Unit 7 — Prison System [6 units]

a) Historical perspectives of Prison System in India, UK, USA & Russia. · b) Prison Reforms in India: i) Before Independence. ii) After Independence. iii) Open air prison.

• Treatment or Correction of Offenders

Unit 8 — Parole [4 units]

a) Origin, definition, aims & object of Parole. · b) Essentials for grant of Parole. · c) Parole Board. · d) Advantages & Disadvantages of Parole.

• Parole and Furlough

Unit 9 — Probation [4 units]

a) Origin, definition, aims & object of Probation. · b) Condition to grant Probation. · c) Offences in which Probation may or may not be granted. · d) Merits & Demerits of Probation. · e) Probation Officer.

• Probation of offenders

Unit 10 — Victimology [3 units]

a) Victimless crimes. · b) Hidden Victims.

• Victimology

Unit 11 — Modern and International crimes [4 units]

1. Organized Crime: a) Concept & Definition of Organised Crime. b) Types of Organised Crime. · 2. Cyber Crime.

• Introduction to Cyber Crimes

Unit 12 — Recidivism [3 units]

a) Definition & Causes of Recidivism. · b) Measures for curbing Recidivisms in India.