Principles of Taxation Law

Unit I — General Concepts of Income Tax

1.1 History of Tax laws in India. · 1.2 Constitutional Provisions of Taxation in India. · 1.3 Concepts of- Direct and Indirect Taxes, Tax and fees, Tax avoidance and tax assessment. · 1.4 Important Definitions under Income Tax Act-2025.- Person, Company, Tax Year, Agricultural Income, assessee, Income, Capital Assets, etc

• History of Tax Law in India
• Constitutional provisions relating to Taxation
• Nature and Scope of Tax
• Definition: Persons, Assessees, Previous year, Assessment years, Financial year, Income, Gross Taxable Income, Taxable Income, Agricultural Income, Tax Evasion and Tax Avoidance

Unit II — Incomes which do not form part of Total Income

2.1. Income not to be included in total income (Schedule II) · 2.2. Income not to be included in total income of eligible persons(Schedule III) · 2.3. Income not included in total income of eligible non-residents, foreign companies (Schedule IV) · 2.4. Income not included in total income of eligible persons including investment funds, business trusts (Schedule V) · 2.5. Persons exempted from Tax (Schedule VII)

• Tax Liability Exemption, Deduction, related to individual, Expenses & Income, Rebate, Deemed income and clubbing of income

Unit III — Heads of Income

3.1. Salaries (Sec 15 to 19) · 3.2. House property (sec 20 to 25) · 3.3. Profit and gains of business and profession (Sec 26 to 66) · 3.4. Capital gains (sec 67 to 91) · 3.5. Income from other sources (sec 92 to 95)

• Heads of Income: Income from Salary, House property, Business and Profession, Capital Gain and other sources

Unit IV — Provisions relating to assessment

4.1. Aggregation of income(sec 101 to 107) · 4.2. Set-off and carry forward (Sec 108 to 121) · 4.3. Deductions (Sec 122 to 154) · 4.4. Rebates and Reliefs (Sec 155 to 158)

• Calculation of Gross Total and Taxable income, Tax rebate and Computation of Tax Liability
• Carried forward and Set of losses
• Tax Liability Exemption, Deduction, related to individual, Expenses & Income, Rebate, Deemed income and clubbing of income

Unit V — Special provisions relating to avoidance of tax

5.1. Determination of tax in certain special cases (Sec 190 to 195) · 5.2. New tax regime (Sec 199 to 205) · 5.3. Special provision for minimum alternate tax (Sec 206) · 5.4. Special provisions relating to non-residents (Sec 207 to 220) · 5.5. Special provisions relating to pass through entities (Sec 221 to 235)

Unit VI — Authorities and Procedures under Income Tax Act

6.1. Income tax authorities- powers and jurisdiction (sec 236 to 261) · 6.2. Returns (Sec 262 to 267) · 6.2. Procedure for assessment (Sec 268 to 291) · 6.3. Special provisions relating to certain persons (Part A)

• Assessment Procedure
• Types of Assessment Income Tax Authority: Their function, Duties and Powers, Appeal, Offences, Fines and Penalties, Settlement of grievances and Prosecution, Income Tax Act, 1961, Income Tax Rules
• Advance Rulings, faceless assessment/e-assessment

Unit VII — Introduction to GST

7.1. Introduction to GST · 7.2. Leavy and Collection of GST · 7.3.Concept of Supply · 7.4. Input tax Credit · 7.5. Registration

• Goods and Service Tax: - law, procedure, applicability, assessment, advance ruling

Unit VIII — GST Procedure

8.1. Returns under GST · 8.2 Payment of tax under GST. · 8.3 Assessment and Audit · 8.4 Refund under GST · 8.5 Reverse charge. F. References: · 1. The Income Tax Act- 2025 – Bare Act · 2. Hand Book on Tax Laws – Raj Agrawal · 3. Goods and Service Tax Act—Ghanshyam Upadhyay.

• Goods and Service Tax: - law, procedure, applicability, assessment, advance ruling