Jurisprudence
Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya · LL.B. Semester 4 · LAIDTT4N
Unit I — Introduction to Jurisprudence
Meaning and Scope of Jurisprudence · Meaning of Law, Morality, and Justice · Relationship between Law and Justice · Kinds and Sources of Law: Legislation, Custom, and Judicial Precedent · Introduction to Major Schools of Jurisprudence
Unit II — Analytical School and Legal Positivism
Classical Legal Positivism: Jeremy Bentham and John Austin · Modern Legal Positivism: H.L.A. Hart, Hans Kelsen, and Joseph Raz · Hart–Dworkin Debate · Relevance and Impact of Legal Positivism in India
Unit III — Natural Law School
Classical Natural Law Thinkers: Sophists, Stoics, Plato, and Aristotle · Medieval Theories: St. Thomas Aquinas · Renaissance Theories: Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau · Decline of Natural Law Theories · Revival and Modern Natural Law: John Finnis and Lon Fuller · Hart–Fuller Debate; Hart–Devlin Debate · Natural Law in the Indian Context
Unit IV — Historical, Sociological and Realist Law School
Historical School: Friedrich Karl von Savigny and Sir Henry Maine · Sociological School: Roscoe Pound, Eugen Ehrlich, and Léon Duguit · Legal Realism: · American Realism: Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., Karl Llewellyn, and Benjamin Cardozo · Scandinavian Realism: Axel Hägerström and others · Application and Significance of Customary Law in India
Unit V — Concept of Person, Rights, Duties and Liability
Concept and Types of Legal Person: · Natural and Juridical Persons · Legal Status of the Unborn, Deceased, Animals, Idols, and Mosques · Theories of Corporate Personality · Concept and Classification of Rights and Duties · Relationship between Rights and Duties: Hohfeldian Analysis · Concept of Legal Liability: Conditions and Forms
Unit VI — Property, Possession, and Ownership
Concept of Property: · Definition, Nature, and Classification · Modes of Acquisition · Concept of Possession: · Meaning and Legal Significance · Theories of Possession (Savigny, Ihering, Kant) · Legal Protection of Possession · Types of Possession: · Corporeal and Incorporeal · Mediate and Immediate · De facto and De jure · Concept of Ownership and Title: · Definition and Characteristics of Ownership · Relationship between Ownership and Possession · Legal Concept of Title · Kinds of Ownership and Acquisition: · Absolute and Limited Ownership · Sole and Co-ownership · Trust and Legal Ownership · Modes of Acquisition
Unit VII — Indian Legal Thought – Role of Smritis and Dharmashastra
Understanding Dharma, Smriti, and Dharmashastra · Major Smritis and Texts of Dharmashastra · Jurisprudential Principles in Ancient Indian Texts · Legal Institutions and Judicial Practices in Ancient India · Customary Law and Dharmashastra · Influence on Modern Indian Legal System · Colonial Interpretation and Misinterpretation of Indian Texts · Comparative Analysis: Dharmashastra and Western Legal Theories · Contemporary Relevance of Smriti and Dharmashastra Principles