ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
Kakatiya University · LL.B. Semester 1 · P-V
Unit I
Meaning, Definition and Concept of Environment · Environmental Protection in Ancient Indian Tradition and Culture · Protection of Environment in Ancient India and During Medieval Period · Components of Environment · Biosphere and Ecosystem–Ecology · Types of Environment · Concept of Pollution · Sources of Pollution, Types of Pollution, and Effects of Pollution · Ozone Depletion · Global Warming · Climate Change
Unit II
History and Development of Environmental Protection under International Law · Fundamental Principles of International Environmental Law · Ramsar Convention, 1971 · United Nations Conference on Human Environment, 1972 (Stockholm Conference) · Aims and Objectives of the Conference -Stockholm Declaration, 1972 · Impact of Stockholm, UNEP · The Brundtland Commission, Brundtland Report 1987 · Rio Declaration, 1992 · Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992 · Earth Summit Plus Five · Kyoto Protocol, 1997 · Millennium Development Goals · Johannesburg Conference 2002 (WSSD) · Johannesburg Declaration & Major Outcomes
Unit III
Protection of Environment under the Indian Constitution · 42nd Constitution Amendment Act, 1976 · Directive Principles of State Policy · Fundamental Duties · Judicial Role, Expansion of Locus Standi, PIL · Dynamic Interpretation of Article 21, 14 & 19 of the Constitution · Right to Clean and Pollution-free Environment– Sustainable Development · Precautionary and Polluter Pays Principles · Absolute and Strict Liability · Doctrine of Public Trust · Environmental Protection and Law of Torts · Tort of Nuisance: Public and Private– Tort of Negligence · Tort of Trespass · Environmental Torts · Provisions under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) & Under The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita,2023 (BNSS)
- Constitutional Provisions relating to rights and duties of people and government
- General Laws and Environment Protection — application of Tort law, Indian Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code
- Environment Protection-Significant Concepts and Principles — Sustainable development Polluter Pays Principle Precautionary Principle
- Torts affecting Property (Movable & Immovable): Trespass, Trespass ab initio etc
- Torts affecting person &Property: Nuisance, Negligence, Fraud
- Principle of Strict Liability: Ryland V. Fletcher case with exceptions
- Principle of Absolute Liability: Bhopal Gas Disaster case and Shree Ram Food
- Article 32- Right to Constitutional Remedies and Public Interest Litigation
Unit IV
Protection of Water, Air and Environment in India · The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974 · The Framework of the Act · Regulatory Mechanism: Its Powers and Functions · Offences and Penalties under Water Act, Role of Judiciary in Prevention of Water Pollution –The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981 · The Framework of the Act · Regulatory Mechanism: Its Powers and Functions · Offences and Penalties under Air Act · Role of Judiciary in Prevention of Air Pollution –The Environment Protection Act (EPA) of 1986 · Main Aims and Objectives of the Act · Importance of Section 3 and 5 of EPA · Penalties under the Act · National Environment Tribunal
- The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974- Definitions, Establishments of — Central Pollution Control Board (S. 3)
- The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981- Definitions, Establishments of — Central Pollution Control Board (S. 3)
- The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986- Definitions
- The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010- Scope (sec 3-13), Jurisdiction, Powers and Proceedings of the Tribunal (sec 14-25), Penal Provisions (26-28)
Unit V
Protection of Forest, Wild Life and Biodiversity · Importance of Forest and need for its Conservation, Indian Forest Act, 1927 and its Salient Features · Forest Conservation Act, 1980 and its Salient Features –Judicial Approach for Forest Conservation · The Wildlife Protection Act 1972 · Sanctuaries and National Parks · Licensing of Zoos and Parks · Offences against Wild Life · Biodiversity Conservation · Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and its Salient Features · National Green Tribunal Act ,2010- An Appraisal