Environmental Law
Osmania University · LL.B. Semester 1 · P-V
Unit I
The meaning and definition of environment · Ecology · Ecosystems · Biosphere · Biomes · Ozone depletion · Global Warning · Climatic changes · Need for the preservation, conservation and protection of environment · Ancient Indian approach to environment · Environmental degradation and pollution · Kinds, causes and effects of pollution
Unit II
Common Law remedies against pollution-trespass, negligence, and theories of Strict Liability&Absolute Liability · Relevant provisions of I.P.C. and Cr.P.C. and C.P.C., for the abatement of public nuisance in pollution cases · Remedies under Specific Relief Act · Reliefs against smoke and noise · Noise Pollution
- General Laws and Environment Protection — application of Tort law, Indian Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code
- Principle of Strict Liability: Ryland V. Fletcher case with exceptions
- Principle of Absolute Liability: Bhopal Gas Disaster case and Shree Ram Food
- Torts affecting person &Property: Nuisance, Negligence, Fraud
- Rules addressing some environmental problems — Bio-Medical Waste Rules 2016 Hazardous wastes Rules 1989 Noise Pollution Rules 2000
Unit III
The law relating to the preservation, conservation and protection of forests, wild life and endangered species, marine life, coastal ecosystems and lakes etc · Prevention of cruelty towards animals · The law relating to prevention and control of water pollution · Air Pollution · Law relating to environment protection · Environment (Protection) Act, 1986: Biological Diversity Act, 2002: Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handing and Trans boundary) Regulations etc · Environment pollution control mechanism · National Environmental Tribunal and National Environmental Appellate Authority · National Green Tribunal · Their powers and jurisdiction
- The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974- Definitions, Establishments of — Central Pollution Control Board (S. 3)
- The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981- Definitions, Establishments of — Central Pollution Control Board (S. 3)
- The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986- Definitions
- Indian Forest Act 1927 and Forest Conservation Act, 1980
- The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010- Scope (sec 3-13), Jurisdiction, Powers and Proceedings of the Tribunal (sec 14-25), Penal Provisions (26-28)
- The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972- Definitions, Hunting of Wild Animals (sec- 9,11 &12)
- Rules addressing some environmental problems — Bio-Medical Waste Rules 2016 Hazardous wastes Rules 1989 Noise Pollution Rules 2000
Unit IV
Art. 48A and Art. 51A (g) of the Constitution of India · Right to wholesome environment · Right to development · Restriction on freedom of trade, profession, occupation for the protection of environment · Immunity of Environment legislation from judicial scrutiny (Art.31C) · Legislative powers of the Centre and State Government · Writ jurisdiction · Role of Indian Judiciary in the evolution of environmental jurisprudence · Role of green belt development purpose & advantage
Unit V
International Environmental Regime · Transactional Pollution · State Liability · Customary International Law · Liability of Multinational corporations/Companies Stockholm Declaration on Human Environment, 1972 · The role of UNEP forthe protection of environment · Ramsar Convention 1971 · Bonn Convention (Migratory Birds)1992 · Nairobi Convention,1982(CFCC)- Biodiversity Convention (Earth Summit),1992- Kyoto Protocol1997, Johannesburg Convention2002- UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC)- UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) & Paris Agreement 2016