Environmental Law

Unit 1 — Concept of environment and pollution

environment · pollution: meaning, kinds, effects

• Environment, its components, and factors affecting the quality of environment
• Environmental Law — meaning and purpose

Unit 2 — Legal control: historical perspectives

Indian tradition · British Raj · nuisance, penal code and procedural law · free India

• General Laws and Environment Protection — application of Tort law, Indian Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code

Unit 3 — Constitutional perspective

directive principles · fundamental duty · fundamental rights: right to clean and healthy environment · environment vs development · enforcing agencies, tribunals and remedies

• Constitutional Provisions relating to rights and duties of people and government

Unit 4 — Emerging principles

polluter pays, public liability insurance · precautionary principle · public trust doctrine · sustainable development

• Environment Protection-Significant Concepts and Principles — Sustainable development Polluter Pays Principle Precautionary Principle

Unit 5 — Water and air pollution: Acts with rules

standards · offences and penalties · judicial approach

• The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974- Definitions, Establishments of — Central Pollution Control Board (S. 3)
• The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981- Definitions, Establishments of — Central Pollution Control Board (S. 3)

Unit 6 — Noise pollution

legal control · permissible and impermissible noise

• Rules addressing some environmental problems — Bio-Medical Waste Rules 2016 Hazardous wastes Rules 1989 Noise Pollution Rules 2000

Unit 7 — Environment protection

protection agencies · hazardous waste · bio-medical waste · genetic engineering · environment impact assessment · coastal zone management · environmental audit and eco-mark

• The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986- Definitions
• Rules addressing some environmental problems — Bio-Medical Waste Rules 2016 Hazardous wastes Rules 1989 Noise Pollution Rules 2000

Unit 8 — Town and country planning

Unit 9 — Forest and greenery

forest conservation · conservation agencies · forest and tribal people · denudation of forests

• Indian Forest Act 1927 and Forest Conservation Act, 1980

Unit 10 — Wild life

sanctuaries and national parks · licensing of zoos · offences against wild life

• The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972- Definitions, Hunting of Wild Animals (sec- 9,11 &12)

Unit 11 — Bio-diversity

legal control · control of eco-unfriendly experimentation on animals, plants, seeds and micro-organisms

Unit 12 — International regime

Stockholm conference · greenhouse effect and ozone depletion · Rio conference · bio-diversity · right to development · wetlands

• Environment Protection from International Perspectives — Stockholm Conference, Rio Declaration and Johannesburg Declaration