Environmental Law

Unit 1 — Concept of Environmental and Pollution

1.1 Meaning and definition of environment and pollution under different Acts · 1.2 Kinds of pollution · 1.3 Effects of pollution

• Environment, its components, and factors affecting the quality of environment
• Environmental Law — meaning and purpose

Unit 2 — Historical perspectives of environment and pollution

2.1 Indian tradition : Dharma of environment · 2.2 British Raj – Industrial development and exploitation of nature Nuisance : penal code and procedural codes · 2.3 Free India – continuance of British influence

• Environmental Law — meaning and purpose
• General Laws and Environment Protection — application of Tort law, Indian Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code

Unit 3 — Constitutional Perspectives

3.1 Constitution making – development and property oriented approach · 3.2 Directive principles · 3.2.1 Judicial approach · 3.3 Fundamental rights - Right to clean and healthy environment, Pollution Free Atmosphere etc. · 3.4 Environments v. Development · 3.5 Enforcing agencies and remedies · 3.6 Emerging Principles · 3.6.1 Polluter pays and Precautionary Principle : Public Liability Insurance · 3.6.2 Public Trust Doctrine · 3.6.3 Sustainable Development

• Constitutional Provisions relating to rights and duties of people and government
• Environment Protection-Significant Concepts and Principles — Sustainable development Polluter Pays Principle Precautionary Principle
• The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010- Scope (sec 3-13), Jurisdiction, Powers and Proceedings of the Tribunal (sec 14-25), Penal Provisions (26-28)

Unit 4 — Water and Air Pollution

4.1 Water and Air Pollution - Meaning and standards · 4.2 Culprits and victims · 4.3 Offences and penalties · 4.4 Judicial approach · 4.5- Noise Pollution and Control · 4.5.1 Legal control · 4.5.2 Courts of balancing : permissible and impermissible noise

• The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974- Definitions, Establishments of — Central Pollution Control Board (S. 3)
• The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981- Definitions, Establishments of — Central Pollution Control Board (S. 3)

Unit 5 — Environment Protection

6.1 Protection means · 6.2 Protection agencies : Power and functions · 6.3 Emerging protection through delegated legislation · 6.3.1 Hazardous waste · 6.3.2 Bio – medical waste · 6.3.3 Genetic engineering · 6.3.4 Disaster emergency preparedness · 6.3.5 Coastal zone management · 6.4 Judiciary : complex problems in administration of environmental justice

• The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986- Definitions
• Rules addressing some environmental problems — Bio-Medical Waste Rules 2016 Hazardous wastes Rules 1989 Noise Pollution Rules 2000

Unit 6 — Forest and greenery

7.1 Greenery conservation laws · 7.1.1 Forest Conservation Act · 7.1.2 Symbiotic relationship and tribal people · 7.1.5 Denudation of forest : judicial approach · 7.2 Wild life Protection Act

• Indian Forest Act 1927 and Forest Conservation Act, 1980
• The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972- Definitions, Hunting of Wild Animals (sec- 9,11 &12)

Unit 7 — International Regime

8.1 Stockholm conference · 8.2 Green house effect and ozone depletion · 8.3 Rio Conference · 8.4 Bio – Diversity · 8.5 U. N. Declaration on right to Development

• Environment Protection from International Perspectives — Stockholm Conference, Rio Declaration and Johannesburg Declaration

Unit 8 — Prevention of cruelty to animals

9.1 Animal welfare Board · 9.2 Cruelty to Animals Generally · 9.3 Experimentation on Animals · 9.4 Performing animals