Environmental Law

Unit 1 — Concept of Environment and Pollution-

1.1. Environment · 1.1.2 Meaning and Contents · 1.2 Pollution · 1.2.1 Meaning · 1.2.2 Kinds of Pollution · 1.2.3 Effects of pollution. Type equation here.

• Environment, its components, and factors affecting the quality of environment

Unit 2 — Legal Control: Historical Perspectives

2.1 Indian tradition: Dharma of Environment. · 2.2 British Raj - Industrial development and exploitation of nature. · 2.2.1 Nuisance: Penal Code and procedural codes. · 2.3 Free India - Continuance of British influence. · 2.3.1 Old Laws and new interpretations.

• General Laws and Environment Protection — application of Tort law, Indian Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code

Unit 3 — Constitutional Perspectives

3.1. Constitution Making – development and property-oriented approach. · 3.2. Directive Principles · 3.2.1 Status, role and interrelationship with fundamental rights and · Fundamental duties. · 3.3 Fundamental Duty. · 3.3.1 Contens. · 3.3.2 Judicial Approach. · 3.4 Fundamental Rights. · 3.4.1 Rights to clean and healthy environment. · 3.4.2 Right to Education. · 3.4.3 Right to Information. · 3.4.4 Environment v. Development. · 3.5 Enforcing agencies and remedies. · 3.5.1 Courts. · 3.5.2 Tribunal · 3.5.3 Constitutional, statutory and judicial remedies. · 3.6 Emerging Principles · 3.6.1 Polluter Pays: Public liability insurance. · 3.6.2 Precautionary principle · 3.6.3 Public trust doctrine · 3.6.4 Sustainable development.

• Constitutional Provisions relating to rights and duties of people and government

Unit 4 — Water and Air Pollution.

4.1 Meaning and Standards. · 4.2 Culprits and victims · 4.3 Offences and penalties. · 4.4 Judicial approach.

• The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974- Definitions, Establishments of — Central Pollution Control Board (S. 3)
• The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981- Definitions, Establishments of — Central Pollution Control Board (S. 3)

Unit 5 — Noise Pollution.

5.1 Legal Control · 5.2 Courts of balancing: permissible and impermissible noise.

• Rules addressing some environmental problems — Bio-Medical Waste Rules 2016 Hazardous wastes Rules 1989 Noise Pollution Rules 2000

Unit 6 — Environment Protection

6.1 Protection agencies: Power and functions. · 6.2 Protection: means and sanctions · 6.3 Emerging protection through delegated legislation · 6.3.1 Hazardous waste. · 6.3.2 Bio-medical waste. · 6.3.3 Genetic engineering. · 6.3.4 Disaster emergency preparedness · 6.3.5 Environment impact assessment. · 6.3.6 Coastal zone management · 6.3.7 Environment audit and eco mark · 6.4 Judiciary: complex problems in administration of environmental Justice.

• The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986- Definitions
• Rules addressing some environmental problems — Bio-Medical Waste Rules 2016 Hazardous wastes Rules 1989 Noise Pollution Rules 2000

Unit 7 — Forest and Greenery

7.1 Greenery Conservation laws. · 7.1.1 Forest Conservation · 7.1.2 Conservation agencies. · 7.1.3 Prior approval and non-forest purpose · 7.1.4 Symbiotic relationship and tribal people. · 7.1.5 Denudation of forest: Judicial approach. · 7.2. Wild Life Protection · 7.2.1 Sanctuaries and National parks. · 7.2.2 Licensing of zoos and National parks. · 7.2.3 State monopoly in the sale of wild life and wild life articles. · 7.2.4 Offences against wildlife.

• Indian Forest Act 1927 and Forest Conservation Act, 1980

Unit 8 — International regime

8.1 Stockholm Conference · 8.2 Green- house effect and ozone depletion · 8.3 Rio Conference · 8.4 Bio-diversity · 8.5 U.N. declaration on right to development · 8.6 Wetlands.

• Environment Protection from International Perspectives — Stockholm Conference, Rio Declaration and Johannesburg Declaration

Unit 9 — Prevention of Cruelty to animals.

9.1 Animal Welfare Board · 9.2 Cruelty to Animals generally · 9.3 Experimentation on Animals · 9.4 Performing animals.